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60px [middle-end] 60px [page-end gutter-end] 1fr [screen-end];\n grid-column-gap: 32px;\n }\n\n .grid {\n grid-column-gap: 32px;\n }\n}\n\n\n\n\n.base-grid {\n grid-column: screen;\n}\n\n/* .l-body,\nd-article > * {\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n.l-page,\nd-title > *,\nd-figure {\n grid-column: page;\n} */\n\n.l-gutter {\n grid-column: gutter;\n}\n\n.l-text,\n.l-body {\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n.l-page {\n grid-column: page;\n}\n\n.l-body-outset {\n grid-column: middle;\n}\n\n.l-page-outset {\n grid-column: page;\n}\n\n.l-screen {\n grid-column: screen;\n}\n\n.l-screen-inset {\n grid-column: screen;\n padding-left: 16px;\n padding-left: 16px;\n}\n\n\n/* Aside */\n\nd-article aside {\n grid-column: gutter;\n font-size: 12px;\n line-height: 1.6em;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6)\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n aside {\n grid-column: gutter;\n }\n\n .side {\n grid-column: gutter;\n }\n}\n'+'/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nd-title {\n padding: 2rem 0 1.5rem;\n contain: layout style;\n overflow-x: hidden;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-title {\n padding: 4rem 0 1.5rem;\n }\n}\n\nd-title h1 {\n grid-column: text;\n font-size: 40px;\n font-weight: 700;\n line-height: 1.1em;\n margin: 0 0 0.5rem;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-title h1 {\n font-size: 50px;\n }\n}\n\nd-title p {\n font-weight: 300;\n font-size: 1.2rem;\n line-height: 1.55em;\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\nd-title .status {\n margin-top: 0px;\n font-size: 12px;\n color: #009688;\n opacity: 0.8;\n grid-column: kicker;\n}\n\nd-title .status span {\n line-height: 1;\n display: inline-block;\n padding: 6px 0;\n border-bottom: 1px solid #80cbc4;\n font-size: 11px;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n}\n'+'/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nd-byline {\n contain: style;\n overflow: hidden;\n border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n font-size: 0.8rem;\n line-height: 1.8em;\n padding: 1.5rem 0;\n min-height: 1.8em;\n}\n\n\nd-byline .byline {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-byline .byline {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;\n }\n}\n\nd-byline .authors-affiliations {\n grid-column-end: span 2;\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-byline .authors-affiliations {\n margin-bottom: 0;\n }\n}\n\nd-byline h3 {\n font-size: 0.6rem;\n font-weight: 400;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);\n margin: 0;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n}\n\nd-byline p {\n margin: 0;\n}\n\nd-byline a,\nd-article d-byline a {\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n text-decoration: none;\n border-bottom: none;\n}\n\nd-article d-byline a:hover {\n text-decoration: underline;\n border-bottom: none;\n}\n\nd-byline p.author {\n font-weight: 500;\n}\n\nd-byline .affiliations {\n\n}\n'+'/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nd-article {\n contain: layout style;\n overflow-x: hidden;\n border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding-top: 2rem;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n}\n\nd-article > * {\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-article {\n font-size: 16px;\n }\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-article {\n font-size: 1.06rem;\n line-height: 1.7em;\n }\n}\n\n\n/* H2 */\n\n\nd-article .marker {\n text-decoration: none;\n border: none;\n counter-reset: section;\n grid-column: kicker;\n line-height: 1.7em;\n}\n\nd-article .marker:hover {\n border: none;\n}\n\nd-article .marker span {\n padding: 0 3px 4px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n position: relative;\n top: 4px;\n}\n\nd-article .marker:hover span {\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);\n}\n\nd-article h2 {\n font-weight: 600;\n font-size: 24px;\n line-height: 1.25em;\n margin: 2rem 0 1.5rem 0;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding-bottom: 1rem;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-article h2 {\n font-size: 36px;\n }\n}\n\n/* H3 */\n\nd-article h3 {\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 18px;\n line-height: 1.4em;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n margin-top: 2em;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-article h3 {\n font-size: 20px;\n }\n}\n\n/* H4 */\n\nd-article h4 {\n font-weight: 600;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n font-size: 14px;\n line-height: 1.4em;\n}\n\nd-article a {\n color: 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60px;\n margin-bottom: 60px;\n}\n\nd-article span.equation-mimic {\n font-family: georgia;\n font-size: 115%;\n font-style: italic;\n}\n\nd-article > d-code,\nd-article section > d-code {\n display: block;\n}\n\nd-article > d-math[block],\nd-article section > d-math[block] {\n display: block;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n d-article > d-code,\n d-article section > d-code,\n d-article > d-math[block],\n d-article section > d-math[block] {\n overflow-x: scroll;\n -ms-overflow-style: none; // IE 10+\n overflow: -moz-scrollbars-none; // Firefox\n }\n\n d-article > d-code::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article section > d-code::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article > d-math[block]::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article section > d-math[block]::-webkit-scrollbar {\n display: none; // Safari and Chrome\n }\n}\n\nd-article .citation {\n color: #668;\n cursor: pointer;\n}\n\nd-include {\n width: auto;\n display: block;\n}\n\nd-figure {\n contain: layout style;\n}\n\n/* KaTeX */\n\n.katex, .katex-prerendered {\n contain: style;\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\n/* Tables */\n\nd-article table {\n border-collapse: collapse;\n margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n}\n\nd-article table th {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n}\n\nd-article table td {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\n}\n\nd-article table tr:last-of-type td {\n border-bottom: none;\n}\n\nd-article table th,\nd-article table td {\n font-size: 15px;\n padding: 2px 8px;\n}\n\nd-article table tbody :first-child td {\n padding-top: 2px;\n}\n'+Ir+'/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\n@media print {\n\n @page {\n size: 8in 11in;\n @bottom-right {\n content: counter(page) " of " counter(pages);\n }\n }\n\n html {\n /* no general margins -- CSS Grid takes care of those */\n }\n\n p, code {\n page-break-inside: avoid;\n }\n\n h2, h3 {\n page-break-after: avoid;\n }\n\n d-header {\n visibility: hidden;\n }\n\n d-footer {\n display: none!important;\n }\n\n}\n',Xr=[{name:"WebComponents",support:function(){return"customElements"in window&&"attachShadow"in Element.prototype&&"getRootNode"in Element.prototype&&"content"in document.createElement("template")&&"Promise"in window&&"from"in Array},url:"https://distill.pub/third-party/polyfills/webcomponents-lite.js"},{name:"IntersectionObserver",support:function(){return"IntersectionObserver"in window&&"IntersectionObserverEntry"in window},url:"https://distill.pub/third-party/polyfills/intersection-observer.js"}];class Zr{static browserSupportsAllFeatures(){return Xr.every(n=>n.support())}static load(n){const t=function(t){t.loaded=!0,console.debug("Runlevel 0: Polyfill has finished loading: "+t.name),Zr.neededPolyfills.every(n=>n.loaded)&&(console.debug("Runlevel 0: All required polyfills have finished loading."),console.debug("Runlevel 0->1."),window.distillRunlevel=1,n())};for(const n of Zr.neededPolyfills)f(n,t)}static get neededPolyfills(){return Zr._neededPolyfills||(Zr._neededPolyfills=Xr.filter(n=>!n.support())),Zr._neededPolyfills}}const Qr=Or("d-abstract",`\n\n\n\n`);class Jr extends(Qr(HTMLElement)){} // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors const no=Or("d-appendix","\n\n\n",!1);class to extends(no(HTMLElement)){} // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors const eo=/^\s*$/;class io extends HTMLElement{static get is(){return"d-article"}constructor(){super(),new MutationObserver(n=>{for(const t of n)for(const n of t.addedNodes)switch(n.nodeName){case"#text":{const t=n.nodeValue;if(!eo.test(t)){console.warn("Use of unwrapped text in distill articles is discouraged as it breaks layout! 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    \n"),is={left:37,up:38,right:39,down:40,pageUp:33,pageDown:34,end:35,home:36};class rs extends(es(HTMLElement)){connectedCallback(){this.connected=!0,this.setAttribute("role","slider"),this.hasAttribute("tabindex")||this.setAttribute("tabindex",0),this.mouseEvent=!1,this.knob=this.root.querySelector(".knob-container"),this.background=this.root.querySelector(".background"),this.trackFill=this.root.querySelector(".track-fill"),this.track=this.root.querySelector(".track"),this.min=this.min?this.min:0,this.max=this.max?this.max:100,this.scale=tt().domain([this.min,this.max]).range([0,1]).clamp(!0),this.origin=this.origin!==undefined?this.origin:this.min,this.step=this.step?this.step:1,this.update(this.value?this.value:0),this.ticks=!!this.ticks&&this.ticks,this.renderTicks(),this.drag=kr().container(this.background).on("start",()=>{this.mouseEvent=!0,this.background.classList.add("mousedown"),this.changeValue=this.value,this.dragUpdate()}).on("drag",()=>{this.dragUpdate()}).on("end",()=>{this.mouseEvent=!1,this.background.classList.remove("mousedown"),this.dragUpdate(),this.changeValue!==this.value&&this.dispatchChange(),this.changeValue=this.value}),this.drag(sr(this.background)),this.addEventListener("focusin",()=>{this.mouseEvent||this.background.classList.add("focus")}),this.addEventListener("focusout",()=>{this.background.classList.remove("focus")}),this.addEventListener("keydown",this.onKeyDown)}static get observedAttributes(){return["min","max","value","step","ticks","origin","tickValues","tickLabels"]}attributeChangedCallback(n,t,e){isNaN(e)||e===undefined||null===e||("min"==n&&(this.min=+e,this.setAttribute("aria-valuemin",this.min)),"max"==n&&(this.max=+e,this.setAttribute("aria-valuemax",this.max)),"value"==n&&this.update(+e),"origin"==n&&(this.origin=+e),"step"==n&&e>0&&(this.step=+e),"ticks"==n&&(this.ticks=""===e||e))}onKeyDown(n){this.changeValue=this.value;let t=!1;switch(n.keyCode){case is.left:case is.down:this.update(this.value-this.step),t=!0;break;case is.right:case is.up:this.update(this.value+this.step),t=!0;break;case is.pageUp:case is.pageDown:this.update(this.value+10*this.step),t=!0;break;case is.home:this.update(this.min),t=!0;break;case is.end:this.update(this.max),t=!0}t&&(this.background.classList.add("focus"),n.preventDefault(),n.stopPropagation(),this.changeValue!==this.value&&this.dispatchChange())}validateValueRange(n,t,e){return Math.max(Math.min(t,e),n)}quantizeValue(n,t){return Math.round(n/t)*t}dragUpdate(){const n=this.background.getBoundingClientRect(),t=ns.x,e=n.width;this.update(this.scale.invert(t/e))}update(n){let t=n;"any"!==this.step&&(t=this.quantizeValue(n,this.step)),t=this.validateValueRange(this.min,this.max,t),this.connected&&(this.knob.style.left=100*this.scale(t)+"%",this.trackFill.style.width=100*this.scale(this.min+Math.abs(t-this.origin))+"%",this.trackFill.style.left=100*this.scale(Math.min(t,this.origin))+"%"),this.value!==t&&(this.value=t,this.setAttribute("aria-valuenow",this.value),this.dispatchInput())}dispatchChange(){const n=new Event("change");this.dispatchEvent(n,{})}dispatchInput(){const n=new Event("input");this.dispatchEvent(n,{})}renderTicks(){const n=this.root.querySelector(".ticks");if(!1!==this.ticks){let t=[];(t=this.ticks>0?this.scale.ticks(this.ticks):"any"===this.step?this.scale.ticks():_(this.min,this.max+1e-6,this.step)).forEach(t=>{const e=document.createElement("div");e.classList.add("tick"),e.style.left=100*this.scale(t)+"%",n.appendChild(e)})}else n.style.display="none"}}var os='\n \n\n';const as=Or("distill-header",`\n\n\n`,!1); // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors class ss extends(as(HTMLElement)){} // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors const ls="\n\n";class us extends HTMLElement{static get is(){return"distill-appendix"}set frontMatter(n){this.innerHTML=Sr(n)}}const cs=Or("distill-footer",`\n\n\n\n\n`); // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors class ds extends(cs(HTMLElement)){} // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors let hs=!1,ps=0;const fs=function(){if(window.distill.runlevel<1)throw new Error("Insufficient Runlevel for Distill Template!");if("distill"in window&&window.distill.templateIsLoading)throw new Error("Runlevel 1: Distill Template is getting loaded more than once, aborting!");window.distill.templateIsLoading=!0,console.debug("Runlevel 1: Distill Template has started loading."),p(document),console.debug("Runlevel 1: Static Distill styles have been added."),console.debug("Runlevel 1->2."),window.distill.runlevel+=1;for(const[n,t]of Object.entries(Vr.listeners))"function"==typeof t?document.addEventListener(n,t):console.error("Runlevel 2: Controller listeners need to be functions!");console.debug("Runlevel 2: We can now listen to controller events."),console.debug("Runlevel 2->3."),window.distill.runlevel+=1;const n=[Jr,to,io,ao,so,uo,ho,go,bo,vo,Wr,xo,ko,Yr,Mo,To,_o,rs,Eo],t=[ss,us,ds];if(window.distill.runlevel<2)throw new Error("Insufficient Runlevel for adding custom elements!");const e=n.concat(t);for(const n of e)console.debug("Runlevel 2: Registering custom element: "+n.is),customElements.define(n.is,n);console.debug("Runlevel 3: Distill Template finished registering custom elements."),console.debug("Runlevel 3->4."),window.distill.runlevel+=1,u()&&Vr.listeners.DOMContentLoaded(),console.debug("Runlevel 4: Distill Template initialisation complete."),window.distill.templateIsLoading=!1,window.distill.templateHasLoaded=!0};window.distill={runlevel:ps,initialize:fs,templateIsLoading:hs},Zr.browserSupportsAllFeatures()?(console.debug("Runlevel 0: No need for polyfills."),console.debug("Runlevel 0->1."),window.distill.runlevel+=1,window.distill.initialize()):(console.debug("Runlevel 0: Distill Template is loading polyfills."),Zr.load(window.distill.initialize))});